World Congress on Osteoporosis Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases May 22-23 ,2019 | Radisson Hotel Narita | Tokyo, Japan

Certain types of arthritis can affect other areas of the body besides the joints, such as-The skin or internal organs. Some arthritis types are accompanied by fever, rash or extreme tiredness Inflammation can lead to tissue damage if it occurs for prolonged time periods.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint in your body, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips, and spine. Osteoarthritis often gradually worsens, and no cure exists. But staying active, maintaining a healthy weight and other treatments may slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function. Sometimes called degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis, osteoarthritis is the most common chronic condition of the joints and this condition in pediatric orthopedics and orthopedic spine can be treated by pediatric surgeons. It occurs when the cartilage or cushion between joints breaks down leading to pain, stiffness and swelling pain. Osteoarthritis  is caused by aging joints, injury, and obesity. Osteoarthritis symptoms include joint pain and stiffness. Treatment depends on the affected joint, including the hand, wrist, neck, back, knee, and hip, and involves medication and exercise. Deficiency in knee joints can be treated by the knee specialists by performing knee surgery.

Osteoporosis is a condition of decrease in the density of bones which leads to fragile or weak bones. Abnormal porous bones causes Osteoporosis. Normal bone consist of protein, collagen, and calcium which gives strength to bones. People affected from Osteoporosis have high risk of Fractures. Osteoporosis does not cause any symptoms until the bone breaks. Primary Osteoporosis most commonly occurs in women than men. Secondary Osteoporosis is same as Primary Osteoporosis but occurs with a relative reason. Secondary Osteoporosis generally occurs due to excessive protein intake, excess vitamin A, inadequate physical activity, poor muscle development.

Till now there is no cure for Osteoporosis, prevention is the only way to eradicate Osteoporosis. A proper diet enriched with Calcium, Vitamin D and consuming adequate amount of proteins and minerals helps our system for building a strong and strength bones. These helps in proper bone formation and density. Regular physical exercises decrease the risk of Osteoporosis. Drugs like Biphosphates and calcitonin can be taken to prevent bone loss. Boosting the consumption of Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K and Potassium helps to prevent the Osteoporosis. Less consumption of caffeine can prevent the loss of bone density. 

To diagnose the Osteoporosis and risk of fractures a test is required which is commonly known as bone density scan. This scan is used to measure the Body Mineral Density(BMD). It is performed using a bone densitometry or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). The DXA machine gives two scores T score and Z score. T score estimates the amount of bone in comparision to normal population and also tells us about the risk of fracture. Z score estimates the amount of bone with your gender and age and tells us about the further medical tests to be taken. The other methods used to determine the bone injuries and fractures includes Bone X-ray, CT scan and MRI.

Osteoporosis fractures various greatly in morbidity. Colles fractures acute hospital care cost of hip fractures per annum amounted to 1 percent of the total hospital cost. have short-term consequences while hip fractures result in permanent and life-long disabilities. The effect of vertebral fracture morbidity is less. Cost of Osteoporosis vary in different cases and countries. Hip fracture cost is subsequently high in all developed countries. In 1996, the Under the socio-Economic impact of osteoporosis lies Mortality, Morbidity, Economic cost, and future projections. Hip fractures mainly contributes to mortality in Osteoporosis. About 12-20% reduction in survival. 

A musculoskeletal disorder is a disease or disorder that affects the musculoskeletal system and human body movements. MSD is the abbreviation of the Musculoskeletal disorder. Some of the musculoskeletal disorders include Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendonitis, Muscle / Tendon strain, Ligament Sprain, Tension Neck Syndrome. Musculoskeletal disorders are preventable. MSDs are most commonly known as repetitive motion injury, repetitive stress injury, and overuse injury. The risk factors in MSD risk factors can be divided into two categories: work-related(ergonomic) and individual-related. Work-related risk factors include high task repetition, forceful exertions, repetitive or sustained awkward postures. Individual-related risk factors include poor work practices, poor overall health habits, poor rest and recovery, poor nutrition, fitness, and hydration.

Tendinitis meaning inflammation of a tendon is a type of tendinopathy often confused with the more common tendinosis, which has similar symptoms but requires different treatment. The term tendinitis is generally reserved for tendon injuries that involve larger-scale acute injuries accompanied by inflammation. Tendinitis is typically referred to in combination with the body part involved, such as Achilles tendinitis or patellar tendinitis.

Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis, Treatment varies in all types of diseases and disorders. Osteomalacia occurs mainly due to lack of Vitamin D, Lack of phosphates. By blood tests, Osteomalacia can be diagnosed and subsequent treatment can be taken. Osteoarthritis can occur in any joints. Treatment of Osteoarthritis falls into four main categories: nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, complementary and alternative, and surgical. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms vary in every individual. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis various according to symptoms. The main symptoms of juvenile arthritis are swelling, pain and redness. There is no cure for juvenile arthritis. Diagnosis of CPPD is X-Ray, Ultrasonography, etc. Treatment for CPPD depends on individuals. Other types of arthritis diagnosis and treatment depend on the individual. The fifth disease can be diagnosed by the red rash in legs, arms, and cheeks. Treatment for the individual depends on rashes of them. MSDs can be diagnosed by physical examination by doctors and treatment for MSDs are medications, acupuncture, exercises and therapeutic massage.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a medical condition due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. The main symptoms are pain, numbness, and tingling, in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and the thumb side of the ring fingers. Symptoms typically start gradually and during the night. Pain may extend up the arm. Weak grip strength may occur and after a long period of time the muscles at the base of the thumb may waste away. In more than half of cases both sides are affected.

Risk factors include obesity, repetitive wrist work, pregnancy, and rheumatoid arthritis. There is tentative evidence that hypothyroidism increases the risk. Diabetes mellitus is weakly associated with CTS. The use of birth control pills does not affect the risk.Types of work that are associated include computer work, work with vibrating tools, and work that requires a strong grip. Diagnosis is suspected based on signs, symptoms, and specific physical tests and may be confirmed with electrodiagnostic tests. If muscle wasting at the base of the thumb is present, the diagnosis is likely.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and tension neck syndrome are examples.

For the purpose of developing injury prevention strategies, many health and safety agencies include only disorders that develop gradually and are caused by the overuse of the above constituents of the musculoskeletal system.  The traumatic injuries of the muscles, tendons and nerves due to accidents are not considered to be WMSDs or are considered separately. However, there are organizations, such as the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, that include acute traumas and fractures within in the WMSD group.